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Vous avez dit : allergie à l’iode ? - Pharmacie Rullier à Morestel
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Pensons à notre peau face au COVID-19 !!! 20 novembre 2020
En avant pour la vaccination contre le Covid-19 ! 16 mars 2021Vous avez dit : allergie à l’iode ?
Vous êtes un certain nombre à nous dire que vous êtes allergique à l’iode quand vous avez fait une réaction cutanée ou une intolérance digestive après avoir mangé des crustacés ou du poisson par exemple. Qu’en est-il exactement ?
En fait, l’iode est présent dans beaucoup d’aliments :
Le sel de table (environ 10µg/g) Le lait de vache Le lard, le bacon La viande de porc ou de mouton Il y en a également dans de nombreux médicaments, comme certains antiseptiques ou des produits utilisés pour des examens médicaux.
Les dermatologues et les allergologues ont montré que ce n’était pas l’atome d’iode qui était en cause mais que ces réactions allergiques seraient dues aux produits qui accompagnent cet atome. Il serait donc plus juste de parler d’allergie aux produits iodés.
Les poissons peuvent être à l’origine de réactions allergiques parfois sévères ; dans ces réactions, l’atome d’iode n’a jamais été mis en cause mais ce sont les nombreux allergènes contenus dans le poisson qui seraient responsables. L’allergène principal des poissons est la parvalbumine mais il y en a aussi de nombreux autres. Chez les crevettes et les crustacés, l’allergène en cause est la tropomyosine.
Qu’en est-il des allergies aux médicaments iodés ?
Avec les produits antiseptiques iodés, il est plus fréquent d’observer une irritation qu’une véritable allergie. Ceci est dû à l’excipient (povidone) plutôt qu’à l’atome d’iode. Ces réactions sont maintenant bien connues. L’utilisation de produits de contraste pour certains examens médicaux provoquent parfois des réactions de type urticaire ou des érythèmes pouvant aller jusqu’au choc anaphylactique. Ces réactions n’ont pas encore livré tous leurs secrets… La seule certitude, c’est que l’atome d’iode n’y est pour rien par lui-même et que c’est l’environnement de cet atome qui est en cause. Un rappel : l’iode est un élément naturel essentiel à la vie et indispensable à la synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes.